They are also doomed to fail, unless we understand why the new arrivals are thriving. 

Landscapes in the west were historically managed proactively, by Native Americans, who relied on native plants and animals for food and materials to sustain them, also proactively managed these landscapes, Orion observes. As those practices have been displaced or abandoned, long-established ecosystems are vulnerable to change—sometimes by the arrival of new species, or other times by more dramatic and damaging events.

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